Unmanned aerial vehicles The unmanned Aerial Vehicle, also known as Drone (or UAV), is an aerial system that can be operated remotely by humans or by an onboard computer. UAV-based Remote Sensing is the latest addition to the North Eastern Space Applications Centre. It allows large-scale mapping, real-time assessment, and monitoring of different applications.
NE-SAC took the initiative to design and assemble UAVs for different applications. The design parameters of the UAV determine the components that are used. They then have to be assembled according to the specifications. NE-SAC designed and built a Hex Copter, which can carry a maximum payload of 2.5Kg. It also has a variety of sensors, including optical, hyperspectral, thermal, and LIDAR. A Ready-to-fly Quad Copter is also available, equipped with an integrated optical sensor. This can capture high resolution aerial photos and high definition videos.
NE-SAC also developed a Fixed Wing UAV. The flight test was conducted at NE-SAC on November 1, 2016. The Table 2 contains the design parameters and flight test results.
NE-SAC has flown the multi-rotor-based UAV in different parts of NE state as part of its technology development activities. Based on the needs of the District Administrations in the NE region, few tests were conducted. Below are some of the most important case studies that the center has produced:
- Mapping the Landslide Affected Area : This mapping was done at Nongod’s request. Meghalaya State considers the NH-40, which connects Guwahati and Shelling, to be its lifeline. There were many landslides that had caused property and life loss.
- Infested Crops Assessment: Naramari Village, Morigaon District in Assam, India, had been reported as having severe Boro Paddy (BPH) infestation. Officials from the State Government of Assam requested that an UAV flight be conducted over the affected area. It covered a total area of 0.55 square kilometers. The flight took 15 minutes and covered approximately 1.2 km. The following figure shows how BPH-infested rice fields are classified.
- Large-Scale Mapping of Nongpoh Town in Meghalaya: For 12 minutes, a flight was made at 120 m above the NH-40 covering 0.84 Sq. Km. Km.
3Dimensional Terrain Model Construction: The UAV imagery can be used to create realistic, aesthetically pleasing, and accurate 3D mesh models. The figure shows the 3D reconstruction using UAV images at a resolution of 5 cms for the Municipal Urban Development Authority (MUDA), shopping complex in Nonghpoh.
3D reconstruction: MUDA Shopping Complex. Nongpoh
NE-SAC organized a two-week advance course on “UAV Remote Sensing – Technology Advances and Applications” from October 31 to November 11, 2016. Unmanned aerial vehicles This course provided in-depth knowledge and understanding in the field UAV remote sensing, as well as its applicable technologies and applications. The training program was attended by 26 participants from various parts of the country.
Operational Issues and Challenges
UAV imagery can be used to support many applications, including large-scale mapping, urban modeling, and vegetation structure mapping. There are limitations, such as a limitation on the area of the study, iii. the restriction of processing large volumes of data, and iii. the requirement for large scale processing and large storage. High-dimensional UAV data requires that existing capture and extraction methods are improved. UAVs are capable of performing efficient surveys in disaster-prone areas and quickly assessing the damage from floods, earthquakes, and landslides to enable relief measures.
The Pros and Cons of Drones
It is important to consider both sides of the drone debate and evaluate their merits in order to properly weigh the pros and con of their use. There are many reasons to support drone use.
Quality Aerial Imaging
Drones can be used to take high-quality aerial photos and video and collect vast amounts of imagery data. These high-resolution images can also be used to create interactive 3D models and 3D maps. The 3D mapping of disaster zones can help rescue teams be more prepared for entering dangerous situations.
Precision
Unmanned aerial vehicles can be programmed to precisely place their positions using GPS (the Global Positioning System). This can be extremely useful in many situations. UAVs can be used in precision agriculture to spray fertilizer and insecticide and identify weed infestations. They also monitor crop health. UAVs are precise and save farmers time as well as money.
Easy to deploy
Most drones can now be operated and deployed with minimal training thanks to advances in control technology. Drones are now easily accessible for a broad range of operators due to their low cost. UAVs can also move at a higher speed than manned aircraft. UAVs can fly higher and in more directions than manned aircraft, which allows them to navigate difficult-to-reach areas.
Security
Security is another benefit of drone use. Operators can use unmanned aerial vehicles for surveillance and security purposes at private companies, sporting events, public gatherings, or other venues, provided they have the proper license. Drones can also collect valuable data after natural disasters, which can be used to assist in security and recovery efforts.
Cons of Drones
There are many benefits to drones but there are also some perceived problems with their deployment. These are important concerns, especially considering the many situations drones can be used in.
Legislative Uncertainty
The widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicle is relatively new. Legislation is still being developed. Although the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), has set some rules for small unmanned aircraft, which can be used commercially and recreationally, there are still many ambiguities. Unmanned aerial vehicles There are still questions about how to best determine airspace property rights, and protect landowners against aerial trespassing. Conflicts between federal regulations, some state laws, and some local laws add to the confusion.
Safety
Safety is the primary concern with unmanned aerial vehicle. UAVs should be programmed with the same sense and avoid capabilities as manned aircraft to avoid collisions in mid-air. UAVs must be capable of detecting a possible collision and maneuvering to safety. Falling drones pose another danger in the event of a system failure, especially if they are near large numbers or are located in densely populated areas.
Privacy
Privacy is a major concern for UAVs. Many Americans fear that drones may collect images and data without drawing attention. This could put their Fourth Amendment rights to privacy at risk. If government agencies use drones to monitor public, this can happen. Unmanned aerial vehicles Privacy rights organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) continue to have an influence on how privacy regulation is done.
Drones: Applications
Drones are small and lightweight. They are used by many industries to accomplish complex tasks. These tasks can be very difficult or expensive without drone technology. These applications have many benefits, including increased creativity and greater community outreach.
Filming Movies
A drone equipped with a high definition camera can be used to record aerial shots of high quality by amateur filmmakers. Recording from this perspective was not possible until a few decades ago. This was because only large movie studios could afford cranes, helicopters and airplanes. A single day of a helicopter shoot can cost thousands. Modern filmmakers might find it more attractive to rent a professional drone, which may cost upwards of $5,000.
War Reporting
Journalists covering war zones can be extremely dangerous and would have to put their lives at risk to capture the events. Journalists can use drones to document the destruction of war without risking their safety. This allows journalists to accurately portray the reality of war by using firsthand visual accounts taken in actual war-affected areas.
Delivery of packages
Consumers will have the option of receiving their drone deliveries in the future. Amazon is leading the way in making this possible. Amazon Prime Air, which will be available in the near future, will allow customers to order drone delivery for packages up to five pounds. How will this work?
- A customer buys a product.
- The drone will be delivered to the address or to the customer’s mobile phone GPS.
- The drone arrives and the customer flashes a QR code, barcode or LED signal on their phone. This validates them as the correct customer.
- The product is then lowered to a safe height by a pulley system, and finally released for the customer.
Measure Weather
Meteorologists need to measure weather data from many sensors, which are often attached to satellites and other surface equipment. This is necessary in order for them create accurate weather forecasts. These instruments collect data that can help predict weather events such as precipitation and even severe storms, like tornadoes. Scientists are currently working with drones to gather research data to integrate unmanned aircraft into this process.
Drones’ Future
Drone technology has been a hot topic since 2010, when it began to grow in popularity. All signs point to a bright future for drone technology and drones. Future drones will have enhanced autonomy, safety, and regulatory standards. These and other improvements have the potential for further impact on a wide range of industries, including commercial transport, logistics and military.
Respond to an emergency
Camera technology is improving alongside drone technology. Drone cameras are becoming more efficient in identifying victims and locating them. This could lead to higher victim survival rates. Drones can also be used to survey the aftermath of natural disasters, which could help response teams deploy humanitarian aid and disaster relief to the most vulnerable regions.
Health Care
Drone-based delivery is currently associated with commercial goods such as an Amazon package. This delivery aspect could have potential applications in the healthcare industry, especially in rural areas with limited access to medical services. Drones could be used in this instance to deliver urgent materials, such as prescription refills. These actions could lead to quicker medical care, which can ultimately improve an individual’s health.
Construction
UAVs are capable of covering large areas quickly and can even be equipped with tools to generate 3D images. Construction workers can benefit from these dual functions. They can use the efficiently gathered data to create models and monitor progress throughout the construction process. These elements can help to create safer buildings and make it easier to meet the critical metrics of time and budget.
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